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ENGLISH
Espresso or caffè espresso is a concentrated coffee beverage brewed by forcing very hot, but not boiling water under high pressure through coffee that has been ground to a consistency between extremely fine and powder.

Espresso was developed in Milan, Italy in the early 20th century, but up until the mid-1940s it was a beverage produced solely with steam pressure. The invention of the spring piston lever machine and its subsequent commercial success changed espresso into the beverage we know today. Espresso is now produced with between 8.2 and 18 atmospheres or bars (0.82 to 1.8 megapascals; 120 to 265 PSI) of pressure.

The defining characteristics of espresso include a thicker consistency than drip coffee, a higher amount of dissolved solids than drip coffee per relative volume, and a serving size that is usually measured in shots, which are between 25 and 30 ml (30ml=1 fluid ounce) in size. Espresso is chemically complex and volatile, with many of its chemical components quickly degrading from oxidation or loss of temperature. Properly brewed espresso has three major parts: the heart, body, and the most distinguishing factor, the presence of crema, a reddish-brown foam that floats on the surface of the espresso. It is composed of vegetable oils, proteins and sugars. Crema has elements of both emulsion and foam colloid.

As a result of the high-pressure brewing process, all of the flavors and chemicals in a typical cup of coffee are concentrated. Because of its intense and high concentration of ingredients (including caffeine), espresso lends itself to mixing into other coffee based drinks, such as lattes, cappuccini, macchiato and mochas, without being diluted in the resulting drink.

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Fair trade is an organized social movement and market-based approach to alleviating global poverty and promoting sustainability. The movement advocates the payment of a fair price as well as social and environmental standards in areas related to the production of a wide variety of goods. It focuses in particular on exports from developing countries to developed countries, most notably handicrafts, coffee, cocoa, sugar, tea, bananas, honey, cotton, wine, fresh fruit, and so on.

Fair trade's strategic intent is to deliberately work with marginalised producers and workers in order to help them move from a position of vulnerability to security and economic self-sufficiency. It also aims at empowering them to become stakeholders in their own organizations and actively play a wider role in the global arena to achieve greater equity in international trade.

More info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espresso, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_trade

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CASTELLANO
El café expreso (también café espresso o café exprés) es un tipo de preparación del café. Debe su término a la obtención de esta bebida a través de una cafetera expreso. Se caracteriza por su rápida preparación y por su sabor más concentrado. A juicio de expertos representa la mejor forma de preparar un café.

Para la obtención de un café expreso, se hace pasar agua a alta presión (entre 5 y 10 Bar, dependiendo de la máquina) a través del café. Para que el agua atraviese el café extrayendo todo su sabor y aroma, es necesario que el molido se haga muy fino.

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Consumo responsable es un concepto defendido por organizaciones ecológicas, sociales y políticas que consideran que los seres humanos harían bien en cambiar sus hábitos de consumo ajustándolos a sus necesidades reales y optando en el mercado por opciones que favorezcan la conservación del medio ambiente y la igualdad social. Entre las citadas organizaciones se encuentran Ecologistas en acción, algunos partidos verdes y en especial aquéllas organizaciónes e individuos que propugnan una Ecología social.

Se esgrime que el acto de consumir no sólamente es la satisfacción de una necesidad, sino que implica colaborar en los procesos económicos, medioambientales y sociales que posibilitan el bien o producto consumido. Por ello se postula que deberían tenerse en cuenta en el momento de elegir entre las opciones disponibles en el mercado las que menos repercusiones negativas tengan.

Más info: es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espresso, es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumo_responsable

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